Written by: Arya Tondale
Edited by: Grace Sargent
Introduction:
Family dynamics play a crucial role in shaping individuals' experiences with substance use disorders (SUDs). Within the context of familial relationships, stigmatization often exacerbates the challenges faced by both individuals struggling with SUDs and their loved ones. In this article, we will explore the impact of family dynamics and how to support the ones suffering from SUDs.
The Impact of Stigmatization on Individuals and Families:
Stigmatization surrounding SUDs can lead to profound negative consequences, not only for individuals, but also their families. Oftentimes, members of the family are the first ones to notice behavioral changes in a person with SUD given their close relationship or proximity. It is best to approach someone with SUD in a kind and empathetic manner, in an attempt to lead them to a full recovery. Additionally, we must not forget that being informed ourselves and having a basic understanding of SUD is very important. If we cannot understand what our loved one is going through, it is difficult for everyone involved to navigate such an unfamiliar and sensitive territory. Research by Corrigan and Watson (2002) highlights how societal stigma contributes to feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-esteem among individuals with SUDs. Within families, stigma may manifest as blame, criticism, or ostracization, further intensifying the emotional distress and hindering recovery efforts (SAMHSA, 2020).
Understanding Family Dynamics:
Familial relationships often shape the perception and management of SUDs. Family members may experience conflicting emotions such as anger, fear, and helplessness, which can impact their ability to provide effective support (SAMHSA, 2020). Additionally, family dynamics, including communication patterns, levels of cohesion, and attachment styles, shape the coping strategies employed by both individuals with SUDs and their relatives (Cafferky et al., 2014).
We also need to understand that children of individuals with SUDs are more likely to be impacted. It can lead to Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in regards to pregnant women who have SUD. Newborns can get withdrawal symptoms which can affect their brain development and various cognitive functional issues. This can add to new kinds of stressors for the family dynamics of SUD patients. A lot of times, relationships are severed to protect themselves from the people who are abusing drugs. Such situations are harder to navigate as it is a very gray area that requires active counseling, seeking help, proper medical care and finding a way to power through such a difficult time.
So, how can we support our Loved Ones with SUDs?:
1. Education and Awareness: Increasing knowledge about SUDs and challenging its associated misconceptions can help combat stigma within families and larger populations. Providing information about the biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to addiction promotes empathy and understanding (SAMHSA, 2020).
2. Open Communication: Foster open and honest communication within the family, creating a safe space for individuals to express their feelings without fear of judgment. Effective communication facilitates problem-solving, enhances coping mechanisms, and strengthens familial bonds (Cafferky et al., 2014).
3. Seeking Professional Help: Encourage both individuals with SUDs and their family members to seek professional support. Therapy, support groups, and family counseling offer valuable resources for addressing underlying issues, improving communication skills, and fostering resilience (SAMHSA, 2020).
4. Setting Boundaries: Establishing healthy boundaries is essential for maintaining self-care and promoting accountability within familial relationships. Clear boundaries help protect family members from enabling behaviors while fostering a supportive environment conducive to recovery (Cafferky et al., 2014).
5. Self-Care Practices: Encourage family members to prioritize self-care and seek support from external sources such as friends, support groups, or mental health professionals. Taking care of one's own well-being is crucial for effectively supporting a loved one with an SUD (SAMHSA, 2020).
Conclusion:
In conclusion, addressing stigmatization and supporting loved ones with SUDs within familial settings requires a multifaceted approach. By promoting education, fostering open communication, seeking professional help, setting boundaries, and prioritizing self-care, families can play a vital role in facilitating recovery and reducing the impact of stigma on individuals with SUDs and their relatives.
References:
Cafferky, B. M., Mendez, M., Anderson, J. R., & Stith, S. M. (2014). Substance use and intimate partner violence: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Violence, 4(4), 312–329.
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry, 1(1), 16–20.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2020). Behavioral health treatments and services. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/atod
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